The following is a general guide to the rankings as of the most recent (2012) update:Īlpha++ cities are vastly more integrated with the global economy than all other cities.Īlpha+ cities are the eight cities that complement London and New York City by filling advanced service niches for the global economy. Discover the top 10 universities in London this year, based on the QS World University Rankings 2024. Beyond the categories of "Alpha" world cities (with four sub-categories), "Beta" world cities (three sub-categories) and "Gamma" world cities (three sub-categories), the GaWC cities include additional cities at "High sufficiency" and "Sufficiency" level. The GaWC inventory ranks city economics more heavily than political or cultural factors. See Where 14 American Cities Rank Among the 50 Best Cities in the World To Move To. The GaWC examines cities worldwide to narrow them down to a roster of 307 world cities, then ranks these based on their connectivity through four "advanced producer services": accountancy, advertising, banking/finance, and law. Smith, they create the GaWC's bi-annual categorization of world cities into "Alpha", "Beta" and "Gamma" tiers, based upon their international connectedness. Taylor in 1998, Together with Jon Beaverstock and Richard G. The Globalization and World Cities Research Network, commonly abbreviated to GaWC, is a think tank based in the Geography department at Loughborough University in England, that studies the relationships between world cities in the context of globalization.
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